This article is aimed at all the candidates, specially freshers, who intend to make a career in Information Technology. Let us start by defining Information Technology. Information technology (IT) is "the study, design, development, implementation, and support of methods involved in the area of IT". Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.

The field IT encompasses:
1. Information management: Collection, storage, organization, and retrieval
2. Systems management: Managing hardware resources such as servers, clients, and peripherals. And management of software resources such as server/client operating systems, applications, and other resources.
3. Network management: Managing (includes design, installation, and maintenance) of network devices such as routers, switches, hubs, access points, firewalls, etc.
4. Infrastructure management: Managing infrastructure such as power cabling, network cabling, primary and backup power generation, UPS, and server room management.
5. Systems software development: Development of systems software such as mobile operating systems, server/client operating systems, network protocols development, security protocols development, etc. For example, Linux is an open source server operating system that comes under the category of systems software.
6. Software applications development: Development of desktop or server applications that are used for specific purpose. For example, Microsoft Word is a desktop application that is used most commonly.
7. Networking protocols development: This is another area of IT that represents development of software specific to protocols such as TCP/IP. Netwokr protocols can also be categorized under systems software. But, this has emerged as a dominant field, and inherited its own significance.

8. Web Technologies: This is a fast growing IT discipline. The areas of work include web design and development, search engine optimization (SEO), website administration (webmaster), etc. The technical competencies required for this area of work are typically proficiency in PHP, asp, .net, mySQL, MS SQL, CGI Perl, JSP, Java, etc.

9. Back-office services such as record maintenance, customer services also come under IT.

Apart from the above, certain types embedded systems software development may also be categorized under IT.

As can be seen above, the term IT represents a wide variety of specialties, and the opportunities are practically boundless.

How to choose a particular certification?
Before answering this question, we would like to give a brief view of different types of certifications available in the IT arena, and explain them briefly.

Microsoft Certifications: Microsoft certification may broadly be classified in to two categories, viz server administration and software development. Sever administration certifications primarily aim at administering different systems produced by Microsoft. These include Windows Servers (there are different servers for different end use), database servers, mail servers, etc. The list is almost endless. The administration of these servers is not a small task and requires a lot of skills and experience. The man power requirement is also huge. The other category is certification in the area of software development. This is another area where candidates will be tested for their fluency in various Microsoft-based software languages such as VB.NET, ASP.NEt, etc. There are several other specialty certifications in between which have not been discussed, such as security management

CompTIA Certification: CompTIA certifications are aimed at entry level candidates, typically having a 3-year diploma with one or two years of industry experience or fresh engineering or technology graduates. Different streams offered by CompTIA include A+ Certification, Network+ Certification, Security+ Certification, etc. Among these, A+ Certification is most widely recognized by the computer industry. The certification is a measure of a candidate's ability to configure, maintain, and troubleshoot computer hardware and software (particularly Microsoft Windows based). CompTIA is receommended for candidates who wish to pursue a career as a computer or networking technician. The jobs are plenty in this category. Typically, CompTIA certifications require 2 to 3 months of preparation. One needs to make sure that he/she has sufficient hands-on preparation before going to take the exam.

Cisco Certifications: Cisco certifications are most rewarding for right candidates who have aptitude to install, configure, and troubleshoot LANs/WANs in an enterprise environment. They have several levels of certifications, such as Associate, Professional, and Expert. If one is pursuing Cisco certs, it is highly recommended that she/he attain multiple certifications in a choosen stream. It would not only enhances the domain knowledge, but improves the chances of placement significantly. Cisco cert exams are considered to be tougher than CompTIA, and Microsoft exams and therefore requires higher level of preparation.
.
Prosoft Certifications:

Prosoft is a leading provider of certification in web technologies. They offer CIW (Certified Internet Webmaster) certification that measures the skills of a candidate to design, develop, and promote a website. Various certifications offered by prosoft include the following:

# CIW Associate
# CIW Associate Design Specialist
# CIW Professional
# CIW Web Developer
# CIW Security Analyst
# CIW Security Essentials
# Master CIW Designer
# Master CIW Administrator
# Master CIW Web Site Manager
# Master CIW Enterprise Developer

Please visit the official website for more information.
http://www.ciwcertified.com/certifications/program.asp

Practice tests are offered at:
http://www.simulationexams.com/ciw_exams.htm

Server+ 2009 Exam Objectives:

1.0 System Hardware

1.1 Differentiate between system board types, features, components and their purposes.
? Dip switches / jumpers? Processor (single and multi)? Bus types and bus speeds? On board components: NICs, Video, Audio, USB, HID, Serial, Parallel? Expansion slots: PCI, PCIe, PCIx, AGP, ISA? BIOS? Riser Card / backplane? Storage connectors: SCSI, SATA, IDE, Floppy
1.2 Deploy different chassis types and the appropriate components

? Cooling: Fans, Water cooled, Passive, Active, Shroud, Ducts, Redundant cooling, Hot swappable, Ventilation? Form Factor (tower, rack, blade): Space utilization (U size, height, width, depth)? Power:  Connectors, Voltages, Phase? Redundant power? Shut off switches ? chassis intrusion? Power buttons? Reset buttons? Diagnostic LEDs? Expansion bays

1.3 Differentiate between memory features / types and given a scenario select appropriate memory ? Memory pairing? ECC vs. non ECC? Registered vs. non-registered? RAID and hot spares? Types: DDR, Fully buffered DIMM, DDR2, SDRAM, DDR3? Memory compatibility: Speed, Size, Pins, CAS Intency, Timing, Vendor specific memory? On board vs. riser card

1.4 Explain the importance of a Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) ? Vendor standards for hardware? Memory and processor compatibility? Expansion cards compatibility? Virtualization requirements

1.5 Differentiate between processor features / types and given a scenario select the appropriate processor ? Multicore? Multiprocessor? Cache levels? Stepping? Speed? VRMs? Execute disable (XD) or not execute (NX)? Hyperthreading? VT or AMD-V? AMD vs.Intel (non-compatible CPUs)? Processor architecture (RISC, CISC)? Vendor slot types? 64bit vs. 32 bit? Heat dissipation (heat sinks, fans, liquid cooling)

1.6 Given a scenario, install appropriate expansion cards into a server while taking fault tolerance into consideration.
? Manufacturer specific: Fax cards, PBX cards, Camera cards, VoIP, HBAs
? NICs? Video? Audio? Storage controller (SCSI, SATA, RAID): SCSI low voltage / high voltage (LVD/HVD), SCSI IDs, Cables and connectors, Active vs. passive termination? Port expansion cards: USB, IEEE 1394, Serial, Parallel
1.7 Install, update and configure appropriate firmware.
                    ? Driver / hardware compatibility? Implications of a failed firmware upgrade (redundant BIOS)? Follow manufacturer instructions and documentation

2.0 Software

2.1 Install, deploy, configure and update NOS (Windows / *nix).
? Installation methods (optical media, USB, network share, PXE) o Imaging ? system cloning and deployment (Ghost, RIS/WDS, Altiris, virtualization templates)? Bootloader? File systems: FAT, FAT32, NTFS, VMFS, ZFS, EXT3? Driver installation: Driver acquisition, Installation methods, Required media? Configure NOS: Initial network, User, Device, Roles, OS environmental settings, Applications and tools? Patch management

2.2 Explain NOS security software and its features.? Software firewall: Port blocking, Application exception, ACL? Malware protection software: Antivirus, Antispyware? Basics of file level permissions vs. share permissions

2.3 Given a scenario, implement and administer NOS management features based on procedures and guidelines
? User management: Add and remove users, Setting permissions, Group memberships, Policies, Logon scripts? Resource management: ACLs, Quotas, Shadow volumes, Disk management, Performance monitoring, Baselining? Monitoring (tools and agents): SNMP (MIBs), WBEM (WMI)

2.4 Explain different server roles, their purpose and how they interact
? File and print server? Database server? Web server? Messaging server? DHCP server? Directory services server? DNS server? Application server: Update server and proxy server, Filtering server, Monitoring server, Dedicated, Distributed, Peer to peer? Remote access server? Virtualized services? NTP server? Explain the different between a workstation, desktop and a server? Server shut down and start up sequence (one server vs. multiple servers vs. attached components)

2.5 Summarize server virtualization concepts, features and considerations
? Resource utilization? Configuration? Interconnectivity? Management server? Reasons for virtualization: Cost benefits, Redundancy, Green initiative, Disaster recovery, Testing environment, Ease of deployment

2.6 Describe common elements of networking essentials
? TCP/IP: Subnetting, DNS, DHCP, Classes, Gateways, Static vs. dynamic, IP stack, Ports
? Ethernet: Types,  Speeds, Cables? VPN? VLAN? DMZ

3.0 Storage

3.1 Describe RAID technologies and its features and benefits
? Hot spare? Software vs. hardware
? Cache read/write levels (data loss potential)
? Performance benefits and tradeoffs

3.2 Given a scenario, select the appropriate RAID level
? 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 50
? Performance benefits and tradeoffs

3.3 Install and configure different internal storage technologies
? Hot swappable vs. non-hot swappable
? SCSI, Ultra SCSI, Ultra320 (termination), LUNs
? SAS, SATA
? Tape
? Optical: DVD, DVD-R, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, Blu-Ray
? Flash
? Floppy (USB)
? Controller (firmware levels)
? Hard drive (firmware, JBOD)

3.4 Summarize the purpose of external storage technologies
? Network attached storage
? Storage area network
? Tape library
? WORM
? Optical jukebox
? Transport media: iSCSI, SATA, SAS, SCSI, Fiber Channel

4.0 IT Environment

4.1 Write, utilize and maintain documentation, diagrams and procedures
? Follow pre-installation plan when building or upgrading servers
? Labeling? Diagram server racks and environment topologies
? Hardware and software upgrade, installation, configuration , server role and repair logs
? Document server baseline (before and after service)
? Original hardware configuration, service tags, asset management and warranty
? Vendor specific documentation: Reference proper manuals, Websites, Support channels (list of vendors)

4.2 Given a scenario, explain the purpose of the following industry best practices
? Follow vendor specific server best practices: Documentation, Tools, Websites
? Explore ramifications before implementing change ? determine organizational impact
? Communicate with stakeholders before taking action and upon completion of action
? Comply with all local laws / regulations, industry and corporate regulations? Purpose of Service Level Agreement (SLAs)
? Follow change control procedures
? Equipment disposal

4.3 Determine an appropriate physical environment for the server location
? Check for adequate and dedicated power, proper amperage and voltageo UPS systems (check load, document service, periodic testing)o UPS specifications (run time, max load, bypass procedures, server communication and shut down, proper monitoring)
? Server cooling considerations ? HVAC, Adequate cooling in roomo Adequate cooling in server racko Temperature and humidity monitors

4.4 Implement and configure different methods of server access
? KVM (local and IP based)
? Direct connect
? Remote management: Remote control, Administration, Software deployment, Dedicated management port

4.5 Given a scenario, classify physical security measures for a server location
? Physical server security: Locked doors, Rack doors, CCTV, Mantraps, Security personnel
? Access control devices (RFID, keypads, pinpads): Biometric devices (fingerprint scanner, retina)
? Security procedures: Limited access, Access logs, Limited hours
? Defense in-depth ? multiple layers of defense
? Reasons for physical security: Theft, Data loss, Hacking
? Secure documentation related to servers: Passwords, System configurations, Logs

5.0 Disaster Recovery

5.1 Compare and contrast backup and restoration methodologies, media types and concepts
? Methodologies (full, incremental, differential): Snapshot, Copy, Bare metal, Open file, Databases, Data vs. OS restore, Rotation and retention (grandfather, father, and son)? Media types: Tape, Disk, WORM, Optical, Flash? Backup security and off-site storage? Importance of testing the backup and restoration process

5.2 Given a scenario, compare and contrast the different types of replication methods ? Disk to disk? Server to server: Clustering, Active/active, Active/passive? Site to site? Site types: Cold site, Hot site, Warm site, Distance requirements

5.3 Explain data retention and destruction concepts
? Awareness of potential legal requirements
? Awareness of potential company policy requirements
? Differentiate between archiving and backup

5.4 Given a scenario, carry out the following basic steps of a disaster recovery plan
?Disaster recovery testing process
? Follow emergency procedures (people first)? Use appropriate fire suppressants
? Follow escalation procedures for emergencies
? Classification of systems (prioritization during recovery)

6.0 Troubleshooting

6.1 Explain troubleshooting theory and methodologies
? Identify the problem and determine the scopeo Question users/stakeholders and identify changes to the server / environmento Collect additional documentation / logso If possible, replicate the problem as appropriateo If possible, perform backups before making changes
? Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious)o Determine whether there is a common element of symptom causing multiple problems
? Test the theory to determine cause o Once theory is confirmed determine next steps to resolve problemo If theory is not confirmed re-establish new theory or escalate
? Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and notify impacted users
? Implement the solution or escalate as appropriate o Make one change at a time and test/confirm the change has resolved the problemo If the problem is not resolved, reverse the change if appropriate and implement new change
? Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures
? Performa a root cause analysis
? Document findings, actions and outcomes throughout the process

6.2 Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot hardware problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods
? Common problems: Failed POST, Overheating, Memory failure, Onboard component failure, Processor failure, Incorrect boot sequence, Expansion card failure, Operating system not found, Drive failure, Power supply failure, I/O failure
? Causes of common problems: Third party components or incompatible componentso Incompatible or incorrect BIOSo Cooling failureo Mismatched componentso Backplane failure
? Environmental issues: Dust, Humidity, Temperature, Power surge / failure
? Hardware tools: Power supply tester (multimeter), System board tester, Compressed air, ESD equipment

6.3 Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot software problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods
? Common problems: User unable to logon, User cannot access resources, Memory leak, BSOD / stop, OS boot failure,  Driver issues, Runaway process, Cannot mount drive, Cannot write to system log, Slow OS performance, Patch update failure, Service failure, Hangs no shut down, Users cannot print
? Cause of common problems: Malware, Unauthorized software, Software firewall, User Account Control (UAC/SUDO), Improper permissions, Corrupted files, Lack of hard drive space, Lack of system resources, Virtual memory (misconfigured, corrupt), Fragmentation, Encryption, Print server drivers/services, Print spooler
? Software tools: System logs, Monitoring tools (resource monitor, performance monitor), Defragmentation tools

6.4 Given a scenario, effectively diagnose network problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods
? Common problemso Internet connectivity failureo Email failureo Resource unavailableo DHCP server mis-configuredo Non-functional or unreachableo Destination host unreachableo Unknown hosto Default gateway mis-configuredo Failure of service providero Can reach by IP not by host name
? Causes of common problems: Improper IP configuration, VLAN configuration, Port security, Improper subnetting, Component failure, Incorrect OS route tables, Bad cables, Firewall (mis-configuration, hardware failure, software failure), Mis-configured NIC, routing / switch issues, DNS and/or DHCP failure, Mis-configured hosts file
? Networking tools: ping, tracert / traceroute, ipconfig / ifconfig, nslookup, net use / mount, route, nbstat, netstat

6.5 Given a scenario, effectively troubleshoot storage problems, selecting the appropriate tools and methods
? Common problems: Slow file access, OS not found, Data not available, Unsuccessful backup, Error lights, Unable to mount the device, Drive not available, Cannot access logical drive, Data corruption, Slow I/O performance, Restore failure, Cache failure, Multiple drive failure
? Causes of common problems: Media failure, Drive failure, Controller failure, HBA failure, Loose connectors, Cable problems, Mis-configuration, Improper termination, Corrupt boot sector, Corrupt file system table, Array rebuild, Improper disk partition, Bad sectors, Cache battery failure, Cache turned off, Insufficient space, Improper RAID configuration, Mis-matched drives, Backplane failure
? Storage tools: Partitioning tools, Disk management, RAID array management, Array management, System logs, Net use / mount command, Monitoring tools

Please note that CompTIA exam objectives are subject to change without notice. Please check CompTIA officical website for latest exam objectives

The exam objectives for A+ Practical Applications exam 220-702 are given below:

1.0 Hardware

1.1 Given a scenario, install, configure and maintain personal computer components
? Storage devices: o HDD:SATA, PATA, Solid state; FDD; Optical drives: CD / DVD / RW / Blu-Ray; Removable ; External
? Motherboards: Jumper settings; CMOS battery; Advanced BIOS settings; Bus speeds; Chipsets; Firmware updates; Socket types; Expansion slots; Memory slots; Front panel connectors; I/O ports: Sound, video, USB 1.1, USB 2.0, serial, IEEE 1394 / Firewire, parallel, NIC, modem, PS/2)
? Power supplies: Wattages and capacity; Connector types and quantity; Output voltage
? Processors : Socket types; Speed; Number of cores; Power consumption; Cache; Front side bus; 32bit vs. 64bit
? Memory
? Adapter cards: Graphics cards; Sound cards; Storage controllers : RAID cards (RAID array ? levels 0,1,5), eSATA cards; I/O cards : Firewire, USB, Parallel, Serial; Wired and wireless network cards; Capture cards (TV, video); Media reader
? Cooling systems: Heat sinks; Thermal compound; CPU fans; Case fans

1.2 Given a scenario, detect problems, troubleshoot and repair/replace personal computer components
? Storage devices: HDD: SATA, PATA, Solid state; FDD; Optical drives: CD / DVD / RW / Blu-Ray; Removable; External
? Motherboards: Jumper settings; CMOS battery; Advanced BIOS settings; Bus speeds; Chipsets; Firmware updates; Socket types; Expansion slots; Memory slots; Front panel connectors; I/O ports: Sound, video, USB 1.1, USB 2.0, serial, IEEE 1394 / Firewire, parallel, NIC, modem, PS/2)
? Power supplies : Wattages and capacity, Connector types and quantity, Output voltage
? Processors: Socket types, Speed, Number of cores, Power consumption, Cache, Front side bus, 32bit vs. 64bit
? Memory
? Adapter cards: Graphics cards - memory; Sound cards; Storage controllers: RAID cards, eSATA cards; I/O cards: Firewire, USB, Parallel, Serial; Wired and wireless network cards; Capture cards (TV, video); Media reader
? Cooling systems: Heat sinks; Thermal compound; CPU fans; Case fans

1.3 Given a scenario, install, configure, detect problems, troubleshoot and repair/replace laptop
components
? Components of the LCD including inverter, screen and video card
? Hard drive and memory
? Disassemble processes for proper re-assembly
o Document and label cable and screw locations
o Organize parts
o Refer to manufacturer documentation
o Use appropriate hand tools
? Recognize internal laptop expansion slot types
? Upgrade wireless cards and video card
? Replace keyboard, processor, plastics, pointer devices, heat sinks, fans, system board, CMOS
battery, speakers

1.4 Given a scenario, select and use the following tools
? Multimeter
? Power supply tester
? Specialty hardware / tools
? Cable testers
? Loop back plugs
? Anti-static pad and wrist strap
? Extension magnet
1.5 Given a scenario, detect and resolve common printer is
? Symptoms: Paper jams; Blank paper; Error codes; Out of memory error; Lines and smearing; Garbage printout; Ghosted image; No connectivity
? Issue resolution: Replace fuser; Replace drum; Clear paper jam; Power cycle; Install maintenance kit (reset page count); Set IP on printer; Clean printer

2.0 Operating Systems

Unless otherwise noted, operating systems referred to within include Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, XP Home, XP MediaCenter, Windows Vista  Home, Home Premium, Business and Ultimate.

2.1 Select the appropriate commands and options to troubleshoot and resolve problems
? MSCONFIG, DIR, CHKDSK (/f /r), EDIT, COPY (/a /v /y), XCOPY, FORMAT, IPCONFIG (/all /release /renew), ? PING (-t ?l), MD / CD / RD, NET, TRACERT, NSLOOKUP,  [command name] /? , SFC

2.2 Differentiate between Windows Operating System directory structures (Windows 2000, XP and Vista)
? User file locations
? System file locations
? Fonts
? Temporary files
? Program files
? Offline files and folders

2.3 Given a scenario, select and use system utilities / tools and evaluate the results
? Disk management tools: DEFRAG; NTBACKUP; Check Disk
? Disk Manager: Active, primary, extended and logical partitions; Mount points; Mounting a drive; FAT32 and NTFS;  Drive status: Foreign drive, Healthy, Formatting, Active unallocated, Failed, Dynamic, Offline. Online
? System monitor
? Administrative tools: Event Viewer, Computer Management, Services, Performance Monitor
? Devices Manager: Enable, Disable, Warnings, Indicators
? Task Manager: Process list, Resource usage, Process priority, Termination
? System Information
? System restore
? Remote Desktop Protocol (Remote Desktop / Remote Assistance)
? Task Scheduler
? Regional settings and language settings

2.4 Evaluate and resolve common issues
? Operational Problems
o Windows specific printing problems: Print spool stalled; Incorrect / incompatible driver / form printing
o Auto-restart errors
o Bluescreen error
o System lock-up
o Devices drivers failure (input / output devices)
o Application install, start or load failure
o Service fails to start
? Error Messages and Conditions
o Boot: Invalid boot disk; Inaccessible boot drive; Missing NTLDR
o Startup: Device / service failed to start; Device / program in registry not found
o Event viewer (errors in the event log)
o System Performance and Optimization: Aero settings; Indexing settings; UAC; Side bar settings; Startup file maintenance; Background processes

3.0 Networking

3.1 Troubleshoot client-side connectivity issues using appropriate tools
? TCP/IP settings: Gateway ; Subnet mask ; DNS ;DHCP (dynamic vs.static) ;NAT (private and public)
? Characteristics of TCP/IP: Loopback addresses; Automatic IP addressing
? Mail protocol settings: SMTP; IMAP; POP
? FTP settings: Ports: IP addresses; Exceptions; Programs
? Proxy settings: Ports, IP addresses, Exceptions, Programs
? Tools (use and interpret results): Ping, Tracert, Nslookup, Netstat, Net use,  Net /?, Ipconfig, telnet, SSH
? Secure connection protocols: SSH, HTTPS
? Firewall settings: Open and closed ports, Program filters

3.2 Install and configure a small office home office (SOHO) network
? Connection types: Dial-up, Broadband - DSL - Cable - Satellite - ISDN
o Wireless : All 802.11; WEP; WPA; SSID; MAC filtering; DHCP settings
o Routers / Access Points: Disable DHCP; Use static IP; Change SSID from default; Disable SSID broadcast; MAC filtering; Change default username and password; Update firmware; Firewall
o LAN (10/100/1000BaseT, Speeds)
o Bluetooth (1.0 vs. 2.0)
o Cellular
o Basic VoIP (consumer applications)
? Basics of hardware and software firewall configuration
o Port assignment / setting up rules (exceptions)
o Port forwarding / port triggering
? Physical installation
o Wireless router placement
o Cable length

4.0 Security

4.1 Given a scenario, prevent, troubleshoot and remove viruses and malware
? Use antivirus software
? Identify malware symptoms
? Quarantine infected systems
? Research malware types, symptoms and solutions (virus encyclopedias)
? Remediate infected systems
? Update antivirus software
o Signature and engine updates
o Automatic vs. manual
? Schedule scans
? Repair boot blocks
? Scan and removal techniques
o Safe mode
o Boot environment
? Educate end user

4.2 Implement security and troubleshoot common issues
? Operating systems
o Local users and groups: Administrator, Power Users, Guest, Users
o Vista User Access Control (UAC)
o NTFS vs. Share permissions: Allow vs. deny; Difference between moving and copying folders and files; File attributes
o Shared files and folders: Administrative shares vs. local shares; Permission propagation; Inheritance
o System files and folders
o Encryption (Bitlocker, EFS)
o User authentication
? System
o BIOS security- Drive lock, Passwords, Intrusion detection, TPM

Note: Please check with the CompTIA site for latest changes to the exam objectives.

Section 1.0 Hardware

1.1 Categorize storage devices and backup media:
These include FDD, HDD, Solid state, magnetic, and Optical drives. You will also need to study about CD / DVD / RW / Blu-Ray and other removable storage devices like tape drive, Solid state (e.g. thumb drive, flash, SD cards, USB), External CD-RW and hard drive. Know the distinction between hot swappable devices and non-hot swappable devices
1.2 Explain motherboard components, types and features:
   These include ATX/BTX, Micro ATX, and NLX motherboards and their form factors, I/O interfaces for sound, video, USB 1.1 and 2.0, serial, parallel,  IEEE 1394/Firewire,  and PS/2. Know about Modems, and NICs.
Processors: Know about various processor sockets used by dual core, quad core, and other processors.
Momory slots: Know about RIMM, DIMM, SODIMM, and SIMM memory slots.
Bus architecture and bus-slots: Know about PCI, AGP, PCIe, AMR, CNT, PCMCIA, PATA, IDE, EIDE, SATA, and eSATA.
RAID levels: Know about RAID levels 0, 1, and 5.
BIOS, Firmware, and chipsets: Know about basic BIOS settings, battery replacement, and reading firmware version, etc. Know about raiser card, and common BIOS errors.

1.3 Classify power supplies types and characteristics
   The topics include AC adapter, ATX proprietary power supplies, Voltage, wattage and capacity of power supplies,  Voltage selector switch and pin configuration Pins (20, 24) on power supply output.

1.4 Explain the purpose and characteristics of CPUs and their features:
   These include identification of CPU types (AMD and Intel),  hyper threading, multi, dual, triple, and quad core processing,
   Cache: Onchip cache (L1 and L2), actual versus real speed, 32 bit vs. 64 bit processing.

1.5 Explain cooling methods and devices:
   The topics here include heat sinks, CPU and case fans, liquid cooling systems, thermal compound.

1.6 Compare and contrast memory types, characteristics and their purpose:
   Several memory types are covered under this section, including DRAMs, SRAMs, SDRAMs, DDR / DDR2 / DDR3, and RAMBUS.
       The memory characteristics are further discussed in terms of Parity vs. Non-parity,  ECC vs. non-ECC, Single sided vs. double sided, Single channel vs. dual channe.

The bus speeds include PC100, PC133, PC2700, PC3200, DDR3-1600, DDR2-667.

1.7 Distinguish between the different display devices and their characteristics:
       know about projectors, CRTs, and LCD technologies.  Understand screen resolutions  (e.g. XGA, SXGA+, UXGA, WUXGA), contrast ratio, and native resolution.
   Understand different connector types like VGA, HDMI, S-video, Component/RGB.
   Know about refresh rate, resolution, multi-monitor, and degaussing.

1.8 Install and configure peripherals and input devices:
   These include mouse, bar code reader, multimedia (such as web and digital cameras, MIDI, and microphones), biometric devices, touch screen, and KVM switches.

1.9 Summarize the function and types of adapter cards:
These include video, PCI, PCIe, AGP cards such as sound card, TV tuner card, and capture card.
The I/O interfaces covered include SCSI, Serial, USB, and Parallel. Know about communication devices such as NIC and modem.

1.10 Install, configure and optimize laptop components and features:
   The expansion devices covered include PCMCIA careds, PCI Express cards, docking station, etc.
   Know about laptop communication connections such as Bluetooth, infrared, cellular WAN, Ethernet, and modem.
   Know about power and electrical input devices such as fixed input power supplies, and batteries.
   Laptop input devices such as stylus/digitizer, pointing devices (touch pad, point stick, etc.) are covered.
   
1.11 Install and configure printers:

Differentiate between laser, inkjet, thermal, and impact printer types Differentiate between local vs. network printers. Know about printer drivers compatibility.

2.0 Troubleshooting, Repair and Maintenance

2.1 Given a scenario, explain the troubleshooting theory
? Identify the problem
o Question the user and identify user changes to computer and perform backups
before making changes
? Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious)
? Test the theory to determine cause
o Once theory is confirmed determine next steps to resolve problem
o If theory is not confirmed re-establish new theory or escalate
? Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution
? Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures
? Document findings, actions and outcomes

2.2 Given a scenario, explain and interpret common hardware and operating system symptoms and their causes
? OS related symptoms: Bluescreen, System lock-up, Input/output device, Application install, Start or load, Windows specific printing problems, Print spool stalled, Incorrect / incompatible driver,
? Hardware related symptoms: Excessive heat, Noise, Odors, Status light indicators, Alerts, Visible damage (e.g. cable, plastic)
? Use documentation and resources: Use/installation manuals, Internet / web based, Training materials

2.3 Given a scenario, determine the troubleshooting methods and tools for printers

? Manage print jobs
? Print spooler
? Printer properties and settings
? Print a test page

2.4 Given a scenario, explain and interpret common laptop issues and determine the appropriate basic troubleshooting method
? Issues: Power conditions, Video, Keyboard, Pointer, Stylus, Wireless card issues
? Methods: Verify power (e.g. LEDs, swap AC adapter), Remove unneeded peripherals, Plug in external monitor, Toggle Fn keys or hardware switches, Check LCD cutoff switch, Verify backlight functionality and pixilation, Check switch for built-in WIFI antennas or external antennas

2.5 Given a scenario, integrate common preventative maintenance techniques
? Physical inspection
? Updates: Driver, Firmware, OS, Security
? Scheduling preventative maintenance: Defrag, Scandisk, Check disk, Startup programs
? Use of appropriate repair tools and cleaning materials: Compressed air, Lint free cloth, Computer vacuum and compressors
? Power devices: Appropriate source such as power strip, surge protector or UPS
? Ensuring proper environment
? Backup procedures

3.0 Operating Systems and Software

Unless otherwise noted, operating systems referred to within include Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, XP Home, XP MediaCenter, Windows Vista Home, Home Premium, Business and Ultimate.

3.1 Compare and contrast the different Windows Operating Systems and their features
? Windows 2000, Windows XP 32bit vs. 64bit, Windows Vista 32 bit vs. 64bit
o Side bar, Aero, UAC, minimum system requirements, system limits
o Windows 2000 and newer ? upgrade paths and requirements
o Terminology (32bit vs. 64bit ? x86 vs. x64)
o Application compatibility, installed program locations (32bit vs. 64bit),
Windows compatibility mode
o User interface, start bar layout

3.2 Given a scenario, demonstrate proper use of user interfaces
? Windows Explorer
? My Computer
? Control Panel
? Command prompt utilities: telnet, ping, ipconfig,
? Run line utilities: msconfig, msinfo32, Dxdiag, Cmd, REGEDIT
? My Network Places
? Task bar / systray
? Administrative tools: Performance monitor, Event Viewer, Services, Computer Management
? MMC
? Task Manager
? Start Menu

3.3 Explain the process and steps to install and configure the Windows OS
? File systems: FAT32 vs. NTFS,
? Directory structures: Create folders, Navigate directory structures
? Files: Creation, Extensions, Attributes, Permissions
? Verification of hardware compatibility and minimum requirements
? Installation methods: Boot media such as CD, floppy or USB, Network installation, Install from image, Recover CD, Factory recovery partition
? Operating system installation options: File system type, Network configuration, Repair install
? Disk preparation order: Format drive, Partition, Start installation
? Device Manager: Verify, Install and update devices drivers, Driver signing
? User data migration ? User State Migration Tool (USMT)
? Virtual memory
? Configure power management: Suspend, Wake on LAN, Sleep timers, Hibernate, Standby
? Demonstrate safe removal of peripherals

3.4 Explain the basics of boot sequences, methods and startup utilities
? Disk boot order / device priority
o Types of boot devices (disk, network, USB, other)
? Boot options
o Safe mode
o Boot to restore point
o Recovery options: Automated System Recovery (ASR), Emergency Repair Disk (ERD), Recovery console

4.0 Networking

4.1 Summarize the basics of networking fundamentals, including technologies, devices and protocols
? Basics of configuring IP addressing and TCP/IP properties (DHCP, DNS)
? Bandwidth and latency
? Status indicators
? Protocols (TCP/IP, NETBIOS)
? Full-duplex, half-duplex
? Basics of workgroups and domains
? Common ports: HTTP, FTP, POP, SMTP, TELNET, HTTPS
? LAN / WAN
? Hub, switch and router
? Identify Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
? Basics class identification

4.2 Categorize network cables and connectors and their implementations
? Cables: Plenum / PVC, UTP (e.g. CAT3, CAT5 / 5e, CAT6), STP, Fiber, Coaxial cable
? Connectors: RJ45, RJ11

4.3 Compare and contrast the different network types
? Broadband: DSL, Cable, Satellite, Fiber
? Dial-up
? Wireless: All 802.11 types, WEP, WPA, SSID, MAC filtering, DHCP settings
? Bluetooth
? Cellular

5.0 Security

5.1 Explain the basic principles of security concepts and technologies
? Encryption technologies
? Data wiping / hard drive destruction / hard drive recycling
? Software firewall: Port security, Exceptions
? Authentication technologies: User name, Password, Biometrics, Smart cards
? Basics of data sensitivity and data security: Compliance, Classifications, Social engineering

5.2 Summarize the following security features
? Wireless encryption: WEPx and WPAx, Client configuration (SSID)
? Malicious software protection: Viruses, Trojans, Worms, Spam, Spyware, Adware, Grayware
? BIOS Security: Drive lock, Passwords, Intrusion detection, TPM
? Password management / password complexity
? Locking workstation: Hardware, Operating system
? Biometrics: Fingerprint scanner,

6.0 Operational Procedure

6.1 Outline the purpose of appropriate safety and environmental procedures and given a
scenario apply them
? ESD
? EMI: Network interference, Magnets
? RFI: Cordless phone interference, Microwaves
? Electrical safety: CRT, Power supply, Inverter, Laser printers, Matching power requirements of equipment with power distribution and UPSs
? Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
? Cable management: Avoiding trip hazards
? Physical safety: Heavy devices, Hot components
? Environmental ? consider proper disposal procedures

6.2 Given a scenario, demonstrate the appropriate use of communication skills and professionalism in the workplace
? Use proper language ? avoid jargon, acronyms, slang
? Maintain a positive attitude
? Listen and do not interrupt a customer
? Be culturally sensitive
? Be on time: If late contact the customer
? Avoid distractions: Personal calls, Talking to co-workers while interacting with customers, Personal interruptions,
? Dealing with a difficult customer or situation
o Avoid arguing with customers and/or being defensive
o Do not minimize customers? problems
o Avoid being judgmental
o Clarify customer statements: Ask open-ended questions to narrow the scope of the problem, Restate the issue or question to verify understanding
? Set and meet expectations / timeline and communicate status with the customer
o Offer different repair / replacement options if applicable
o Provide proper documentation on the services provided
o Follow up with customer / user at a later date to verify satisfaction
? Deal appropriately with customers confidential materials
o Located on computer, desktop, printer, etc.

Questions:
I am getting runtime error while trying to activate full version online. Screenshot with error message is show below. How to fix this error?

Answer:

1.Download COMCTL32.OCX.

2.Copy the file to system folder that is WINDOWS\SYSTEM directory on your C: drive (for Windows NT and 2000: \WINNT\system32).

3.open the command prompt by going to start->run.(If you are using Vista or windows 7 run the command prompt as adminstrator by going to start->run(right click and run as administrator)

4.According to your Operating System, type the following command to register this library file:

Windows NT or 2000: regsvr32 \WINNT\system32\COMCTL32.OCX

Windows XP: regsvr32 \windows\system32\COMCTL32.OCX

Windows Vista: regsvr32 \windows\system32\COMCTL32.OCX

* Please note that there is a SPACE after "regsvr32" and before the rest of the command.

5.You should see a message saying "DllRegisterServer ... succeeded"

For windows 7:

Step 1: Re-register the component.

Verify if comctl32.ocx is in C:\windows\system32 folder. If you, you may try re-registering the file.

1. Go to start and type cmd.
2. Right-Click on cmd and select ?Run as Administrator?.
3. Type regsvr32 comctl32.ocx and press Enter.

If successful you should get a popup saying "DllregisterServer in comscl32.ocx succeeded"

Explanation of Regsvr32 usage and error messages http://support.microsoft.com/kb/249873

Step 2: Un-install and reinstall the software.

Re-installing helps in installing the missing component. Do this as a last resort.

For your reference: Uninstall or change a program http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/Uninstall-or-change-a-program

Alternatively, you can follow the same steps as that of other Windows Operating Systems for Windows 7 also. However, MS recommends the steps given above for Windows 7.

Some more important dates:

April 15: Tax holiday (US)
May 15, 2010: Armed Forces Day [3rd saturday in May]

Tutorialsweb.com http://www.tutorialsweb.com offers various tutorials for working professionals and the topics include the following:

Electronic Assembly:

• SMT Components & Assembly http://www.tutorialsweb.com/smt/smt.htm
• Reliability Enhancement http://www.tutorialsweb.com/reliability/reliability.htm
• SMD Components http://www.tutorialsweb.com/smt/smd-components/index.htm
• Nanotechnology Intro http://www.tutorialsweb.com/nanotech/index.htm

Satellite Communications:

• Fundamentals of SatCom http://www.tutorialsweb.com/satcom/fundamentals-of-satellite-communications.htm
• Link Budgeting Explained http://www.tutorialsweb.com/satcom/link-power-budget/link-power-budget-index.htm
• Satellite link budget calculator http://www.tutorialsweb.com/satcom/satellite-link-budget-calculator.htm
• Satellite look-angle calculator http://www.tutorialsweb.com/satcom/calculation-of-satellite-look-angles.htm

Computers & Networking:

• The Mother Board http://www.tutorialsweb.com/computers/pc-motherboard.htm
• OSI Model: A tutorial http://www.tutorialsweb.com/networking/computer-networking.htm
• Introduction to TCP/IP http://www.tutorialsweb.com/networking/tcp-ip/index.htm
• Computer Networking http://www.tutorialsweb.com/networking/wireless-networks/computer-networking-tutorial.htm
• Routers -IOS & JUNOS http://www.tutorialsweb.com/networking/routers/routers-overview.htm
• WiMAX: Wireless Broadband http://www.tutorialsweb.com/wimax/wimax.htm
• RFID: A Beginner's Guide http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rfid/index.htm
• Spread Spectrum Comms http://www.tutorialsweb.com/spread-spectrum/index.htm.
• Flash Memory Tutorial http://www.tutorialsweb.com/computers/flash-memory/index.htm
• Printers and Scanners http://www.tutorialsweb.com/computers/printers-scanners/index.htm

RF Test & Measurements

• Co-axial Cable Measurements http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rf-measurements/co-axial-cable-measurements.htm
• Spectrum Analyzers Intro http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rf-measurements/spectrum-analyzer.htm
• Noise Figure Measurement http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rf-measurements/noise-figure/noise-figure-measurement.htm
• Time/Frequency Standards http://www.tutorialsweb.com/rf-measurements/frequency-standards/frequency-standards-index.htm

Software:

• Introduction to MySQL http://www.tutorialsweb.com/sql/mysql.htm
• ActiveX EXE:Beginner's Guide http://www.tutorialsweb.com/activex/activex.htm
• Working w/ MyODBC & MySQL http://www.tutorialsweb.com/software/myodbc-mysql/working-with-mysql-myodbc.htm
• Drag-n-Drop Using Visual Basic http://www.tutorialsweb.com/software/drag-drop-tutorial/index.htm

CertExams.com, a leading online exams provider has released Sun Java SCJP 6 http://www.certexams.com/java/scjp-certification.htm (short for Sun Certified Java Programmer) practice tests. Current Java Certification version 6.0 is intended for candidates who have experience in Java programming edition 6.0. The online exams offered by CertExams.com include 250+ questions. The question types include multiple choice single select, multiple choice multi select, drag-n-drop, true/false, and exhibit based questions.

The advantages of a simulated exam are:

- Ability to gauge one's preparedness to take actual certification exam
- To prepare for the exam objectives thoroughly from a different perspective (from the study guides)
- To acquaint oneself with actual exam environment (such as timed test, lab practice, scenario based questions, etc.)

SCJP is a prerequisite to many other Java certifications like SCWCD etc. SCJP 6.0, exam code CX-310-065, is the latest certification exam from Sun Microsystems, Inc, is for programmers experienced using the Java programming language. SCJP 6.0 is aimed at the JDK 6.0 release of Java.
Other certifications available from Sun Microsystems? include:

1. Sun Certified Java Developer (SCJD)
2. Sun Certified Business Component Developer (SCBCD)
3. Sun Certified Developer for Java Web Services (SCDJWS)
4. Sun Certified Web Component Developer (SCWCD)
5. Sun Certified Mobile Application Developer (SCMAD), and
6. Sun Certified Enterprise Architect (SCEA)

Sun also offers an associate level certification called Sun Certified Java Associate (SCJA)
The website is currently offering only SCJP6 certification online exams.  Register for a trial SCJP Exam or read more about SCJP 1.6 Certification exams at

http://www.certexams.com/java-certification.htm

Resources:
http://in.sun.com/training/certification/java/scjp.xml
http://www.examguides.com/scjp/index.htm
http://www.simulationexams.com/java-certification-exams.htm

Network Simulator with Designer:
http://routersimulator.certexams.com/network-simulator-designer.html

Network Simulator:
http://routersimulator.certexams.com/router-simulator.html

CCENT Network Simulator w/Designer:
http://routersimulator.certexams.com/ccent-network-simulator-designer.html

Juniper JNCIA Network Simulator w/Designer:
http://routersimulator.certexams.com/juniper-sim/index.html

CCNA Exam Sim:
http://www.certexams.com/cisco-ccna.htm

CCENT Exam Sim:
http://www.certexams.com/cisco/ccent/exam-details.htm

CertExams.com, a leading exam simulators provider has recently released a revised version of Cisco CCNA exam simulator. CCNA Certification is awarded by Cisco Systems on successful completion of qualifying exam(s). CCNA is intended for candidates who have just started working on Cisco ruoters and switches. For candidates aspiring for CCNA certification, CertExams.com CCNA Exam Sim provides an excellent simulated exam environment. The advantages of using CCNA exam simulator include the following:

The package consists of 300 questions in 3+ tests with:
- CCNA Simlet type of questions
- CCNA Testlet type of questions
- Network simulation questions
- Single choice multiple answer, and
- Multiple choice single answer questions

Probably, this is the only practice exam that provides complete range of CCNA question types including simlets and simulations.

The exam objectives covered by CCNA certification include the following:

1. Describe how a network works
2. Configure, verify and troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications
3. Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.
4. Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices
5. Explain and select the appropriate administrative tasks required for a WLAN
6. Identify security threats to a network and describe general methods to mitigate those threats
7. Implement, verify, and troubleshoot NAT and ACLs in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.
8. Implement and verify WAN links

Other products offered by CertExams.com include the following:

1. CCNA Network Simulator
2. Juniper Junos Simulator for JNCIA

Subscribe for CCNA practice exams or read more about the same at

http://www.certexams.com/cisco/ccna/exam-details.htm

Disclaimer: CertExams.com is neither associated nor affiliated with Cisco Systems(R) or any other Company. All trademarks are duly recognized.

CertExams.com http://www.certexams.com, a leading certification online exams provider has recently released Cisco CCENT network simulator. CCENT Certification is awarded by Cisco Systems on successful completion of qualifying exam(s). CCENT is intended for candidates who have just started working on Cisco ruoters and switches. For entry level candidates who have difficulty in procuring the hardware for having hands-on practice, CertExams.com CCENT netsim provides a good alternative. The advantages of using CCENT network simulator include the following:

- Lab exercises for hands-on practice.
- Router and switch simulator
- Simulate Cisco? IOS routers (2501/2503) or switches (2950).
- Support for 200+ router and switch commands
- Labs for 1900 and 2950 switches included
- Detailed Lab manual and help files
- Network designer that provides drag and drop feature for inserting devices and connectors. GUI based device configurator.
Support short form commands. You can type short form commands in IOS simulator for router/switch commands just like in actual router/switch.

The exam objectives covered by CCENT certification include the following:

1. Describe how a network works
2. Configure, verify and troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications
3. Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.
4. Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices
5. Identify security threats to a network and describe general methods to mitigate those threats
6. Implement, verify, and troubleshoot simple NAT in branch office network.
7. Implement and verify serial links

Other simulators offered by CertExams.com include the following:

1. CCNA Simulator with Practice Tests
2. Juniper Junos Simulator

Read more about the same at

http://routersimulator.certexams.com/ccent-network-simulator-designer.html

Disclaimer: CertExams.com is neither associated nor affiliated with Cisco Systems(R) or any other Company. All trademarks are duly recognized.

Friday, January 1             New Year?s Day
Monday, January 18            Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Monday, February 15*       Washington?s Birthday
Monday, May 31                    Memorial Day
Monday, July 5**            Independence Day
Monday, September 6      Labor Day
Monday, October 11        Columbus Day
Thursday, November 11    Veterans Day
Thursday, November 25    Thanksgiving Day
Friday, December 24***    Christmas Day

* This holiday is designated as "Washington?s Birthday" in section 6103(a) of title 5 of the United States Code, which is the law that specifies holidays for Federal employees. Though other institutions such as state and local governments and private businesses may use other names, it is our policy to always refer to holidays by the names designated in the law.

** July 4, 2010 (the legal public holiday for Independence Day), falls on a Sunday. For most Federal employees, Monday, July 5, will be treated as a holiday for pay and leave purposes. (See section 3(a) of Executive order 11582, February 11, 1971.)

*** December 25, 2010 (the legal public holiday for Christmas Day), falls on a Saturday. For most Federal employees, Friday, December 24, will be treated as a holiday for pay and leave purposes. (See 5 U.S.C. 6103(b).)

[Press Release]
May 6, 2010 CertExams.com http://www.certexams.com, a leading IT certification simulators provider has recently released a major update to its simulator simulsoftware that includes the following:

1. Real Time Activation of the downloaded product
2. Multiple licensing for customers who had purchased in bulk
3. Ability to support cross-selling or up-selling
4. Improved user interface

The improvements are applicable all the recently released software titles including the following:

1. CCNA ExamSim
2. Network Simulator w/Designer for CCNA,
3. CCNA CBT, and
4. Exam Simulator for SCJP

Additional products (CCENT ExamSim, etc.) will be released shortly. By using automated online licensing, users will be able to unlock their software titles directly using program interface without any human intervention.

All software titles are tested for compatibility using Windows 9x, 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7. Minimum screen resolution required is 800 by 600. The software offered by CertExams.com is most reasonably priced, and free from any adware, malware, any other tracking cookies.

Additionally, the website offers exam hosting for candidates who want to host their own exams. Please contact the webmaster for further details on the same.

For more information, please visit the official website at http://www.certexams.com/

About CertExams.com:
The website offers network simulators for Cisco CCNA, CCENT, and Juniiper Routers. Exam simulators for CCNA, CCENT, SCJP, and others are available. The website uses third party reputed processors for order processing.

Disclaimer: CertExams.com is not associated with Cisco(R), or Juniper System, or any other company. All trade marks are duly acknowledged.

Quiz hosting is suitable for individual authors, small companies, or institutes that require some kind of computer based skill testing.

Exam hosting can be useful under the following circumstances:

1. For Companies that require testing the skills of its employees, typically during recruitment or promotion.

2. Training institutes that conduct skill tests on students for grading.

3. When you require a professional exam environment. The software is feature rich and user friendly.

4. You want to start right away, accounts can be set up immediately.

If you have specific need, we can tailor the exam to suit your exact requirements. We can also develop software for your website.

Please contact sales at anandsoft.com for more information.

CertExams.com http://www.certexams.com  is happy announce the release of CCENT Exam Simulator. The ExamSim is useful for candidates preparing for Cisco CCENT/CCNA certifications.

The important features of the recently revised product include the following:

1. 250+ questions with detailed answers

2. All types of questions covered, including the following:
    a. Multiple choice
    b. Exhibit based
    c. Testlet
    d. Simlet
    e. Router Simulation, etc.

3. Covers current objectives of the CCENT exam

4. Bug fixes: Several bugs have been identified, and fixed in the new version.

5. Improved User Experience: The GUI has been improved and the new interface is easy to navigate and use.

6. Compatibility: The software is tested thoroughly for compatibility with all Windows platforms including Windows 9x, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows Server 200x.

7. Immediate License Activation: It is now possible to activate the full version immediately after purchase using the program interface. The license key activation is program driven, and involves a few simple steps.

The demo version can be downloaded free, and the full version can be unlocked using program interface.

The product is reasonably priced, and together with CCENT Network Simulator provides a comprehensive tool for learning CCENT topics.

Resource links:

http://www.certexams.com/cisco/ccent/exam-details.htm
http://www.certexams.com/download/ccent-simulator-download.html